Affirmations for Achieving Success: A How-To Guide

Discover the transformative power of positive affirmations in “Affirmations for Achieving Success: A How-To Guide.” Learn to rewire your brain, overcome challenges, and achieve your goals with personalized, science-backed strategies for success. Start your journey today!


Table of Contents

I. Introduction to Affirmations

Affirmations Image

What Are Affirmations? Understanding the Basics

Affirmations are powerful, positive statements that, when repeated regularly, can transform your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. These phrases are designed to shift your mindset from negative to positive, helping you to overcome self-doubt, build confidence, and achieve personal and professional success. For instance, affirmations like "I am capable and competent in all that I do" or "I am worthy of success and happiness" can help replace negative self-talk with a more empowering and supportive inner dialogue.

The Science Behind Affirmations: How Words Shape Our Neural Pathways

The science behind affirmations is rooted in the concept of neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. When you repeat positive affirmations, you are essentially training your brain to accept these statements as reality. This process strengthens the neural connections associated with positive thoughts, making them more dominant and influencing your behavior and emotional responses.

Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have shown that self-affirmation activates key brain regions involved in self-related processing and positive valuation. These include the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), ventral striatum (VS), and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). These regions are crucial for reward, motivation, and emotional regulation.

Why Use Affirmations for Success? The Benefits You Need to Know

Affirmations offer a multitude of benefits that can significantly impact your journey to success:

  • Boosting Self-Confidence and Self-Worth: By reinforcing a positive self-view and self-competence, affirmations can enhance your self-esteem and confidence, enabling you to tackle challenges more effectively.

  • Reducing Stress and Anxiety: Affirmations can decrease amygdala activity, which is associated with fear and anxiety. This helps in lowering cortisol levels, promoting a sense of calm, and improving overall mental health.

  • Improving Problem-Solving and Performance Under Stress: Affirmations can enhance your ability to problem-solve under stressful conditions by activating the brain's reward centers and improving emotional stability.

  • Facilitating Behavioral Change: Affirmations support positive behavioral changes by aligning your thoughts and actions with your goals. For example, they can help in adopting healthier habits, such as a balanced diet or regular physical activity.

  • Enhancing Motivation and Goal Achievement: By focusing on positive outcomes and reinforcing your core values, affirmations can keep you motivated and committed to achieving your goals. This is achieved through the activation of the ventral striatum, which is associated with reward and motivation.

Incorporating affirmations into your daily routine can be a powerful tool for transforming your mindset, behaviors, and overall well-being, setting you on a path to greater success and fulfillment.

II. The Power of Positive Thinking

Harnessing Your Inner Dialogue: Turning Negativity into Positivity

Positive thinking, facilitated through the use of affirmations, is a powerful tool for transforming your inner dialogue. Our inner dialogue, or self-talk, is the constant stream of thoughts and words that run through our minds, and it significantly impacts our mental health and well-being.

When your self-talk is predominantly negative, it can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and lowered self-esteem. Negative thinking tends to be self-critical and pessimistic, reinforcing feelings of hopelessness and despair. However, by harnessing the power of positive self-talk, you can turn this negativity into positivity.

To start, it's crucial to become aware of your current inner dialogue. Notice when you're engaging in negative thinking and identify recurring patterns. Once you're aware of these patterns, you can begin to challenge and replace them with more constructive and encouraging thoughts. For example, replace “I can’t do this” with “I can learn and improve.”

Overcoming Mental Roadblocks: Rewiring Your Brain for Success

Positive affirmations can rewire your brain, changing your automatic thoughts from negative to positive. This process is rooted in the concept of neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to form and reorganize synaptic connections, especially in response to learning or experience.

When you repeat positive affirmations, you are essentially reprogramming your brain's neural pathways. This can lead to a reduction in negative self-talk and an increase in positive thinking. For instance, affirmations like "I am enough" or "I am capable of achieving my goals" can help you overcome self-doubt and build confidence.

Cultivating a Mindset for Success: How Positivity Fuels Achievements

A positive mindset is fundamental to achieving success. When you cultivate positivity, you enhance your self-esteem, improve your mood, and increase your resilience. Positive thoughts can elevate your mood, decrease symptoms of depression, and promote a sense of calm and optimism, reducing stress levels and promoting relaxation.

Here are some strategies to cultivate a mindset for success:

Focus on Gratitude

Focus on the things you are grateful for. This can shift your perspective toward positivity and help you appreciate the good things in your life. Practicing gratitude can be as simple as writing down three things you are thankful for each day.

Use Positive Affirmations

Create positive affirmations that resonate with you and repeat them regularly. For example:

  • "I am grateful for another day of life."
  • "I am worthy of what I desire."
  • "I trust my inner guidance and follow it."

These affirmations can reinforce positivity and help you stay focused on your goals.

Practice Mindfulness

Mindfulness allows you to observe your thoughts without judgment. By being mindful, you create space to choose which thoughts to engage with and which to let pass. This practice can help you stay present and focused on the positive aspects of your life.

By incorporating these strategies into your daily routine, you can cultivate a positive mindset that fuels your achievements and helps you overcome mental roadblocks.

In essence, the power of positive thinking, harnessed through affirmations and positive self-talk, is a transformative force that can rewire your brain, boost your confidence, and set you on the path to success. By mastering your inner dialogue and adopting a positive mindset, you can achieve a brighter and more fulfilling life.

III.

Affirmations for Success

The Art of Writing Effective Affirmations: Key Principles to Follow

Writing effective affirmations is a skill that can significantly enhance your journey towards success. Here are the key principles to keep in mind when crafting your affirmations:

Start with "I Am" Statements

Begin your affirmations with the powerful phrase "I am." This centers the focus on yourself and reinforces the idea that you are in control of your own mind and destiny. For example, "I am confidently working towards my goals every day".

Use the Present Tense

Affirmations are most effective when written in the present tense. This helps to create a sense of immediacy and reinforces the idea that the positive change is already occurring. Instead of saying "I will achieve my goals," say "I am achieving my goals".

Focus on Actions That Support Your Vision

Your affirmations should emphasize what you’re doing right now to achieve your goals. This keeps the focus on actionable steps rather than distant outcomes. For instance, "I am taking consistent action toward my dreams" or "I am focused, determined, and motivated to achieve my goals".

State Your Affirmation in the Positive

Affirm what you want, not what you don’t want. Positive affirmations attract positive outcomes, whereas negative ones can lead to the very things you're trying to avoid. Instead of "I will not fail," say "I am capable of overcoming any obstacle in my path".

Keep Your Affirmations Brief and Specific

Short, specific affirmations are more memorable and effective. For example, "I am grateful for the progress I make every day" is clearer and more actionable than a vague statement like "I am happy."

Personalization is Key: Tailoring Your Affirmations to Fit Your Goals

Personalization is crucial when it comes to affirmations. Here’s how you can tailor them to fit your specific goals and needs:

Reflect on Your Desires and Preferences

Take your time to reflect on what you truly want to achieve. Writing affirmations that are personal and meaningful to you builds self-awareness and confidence. For instance, if you're working towards career advancement, your affirmation could be "I am confidently taking steps toward my career advancement".

Be Realistic

Ensure your affirmations are based on realistic expectations. Setting optimistic but unrealistic affirmations can lead to disappointment and frustration. Make sure your affirmations acknowledge the real limitations you’re facing.

Use Emotional and Action-Oriented Language

Including dynamic emotion or feeling words and action-oriented language can make your affirmations more powerful. For example, "I am happy and grateful that I am now working in my chosen field, earning $150,000 a year".

Common Mistakes to Avoid: Ensuring Your Affirmations Are Empowering

To make your affirmations truly effective, it’s important to avoid several common mistakes:

Avoid Negative Phrasing

Phrasing your affirmations negatively can attract the very outcomes you're trying to avoid. Instead of focusing on what you don’t want, affirm what you do want. For example, "I am worthy of financial abundance and prosperity" rather than "I will not be broke."

Don’t Postpone Your Change

Avoid using future tense or time-limited phrases that can shift your focus toward negative thoughts or outcomes. Write your affirmations as if the change is happening now. For instance, "I am growing stronger, smarter, and more capable each day" rather than "I will be stronger in the future."

Don’t Make Them Too General

Vague affirmations lack clarity and are harder to achieve. Be specific about what you want to achieve. For example, "I am so happy and grateful now that I have lost 25 pounds and am wearing my favorite jeans again!" is more powerful than "I am happy and grateful now that I’ve lost weight."

By following these principles and avoiding common mistakes, you can craft affirmations that are not only effective but also empowering, helping you to achieve your goals and manifest success in various areas of your life.

IV. Incorporating Neuroscience in Affirmations

Understanding Neuroplasticity: How Affirmations Rewire Your Brain

Affirmations are not just simple positive statements; they are powerful tools that leverage the brain's inherent ability to change and adapt, a concept known as neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity allows the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections and strengthening existing ones. When you repeat positive affirmations, you are essentially feeding your brain new information that can alter how it processes the world and your reality.

For instance, the Hebbian theory, "neurons that fire together wire together," suggests that repeatedly thinking positive thoughts can strengthen the neural connections associated with those thoughts, making them more dominant in the brain. This process helps in replacing negative thoughts with positive ones, thereby rewiring the brain for a more optimistic outlook.

The Role of Theta Waves: Unlocking Relaxed Creativity and Motivation

Theta waves, which are brain waves with a frequency range of 4-8 Hz, play a crucial role in the effectiveness of affirmations. These waves are associated with states of deep relaxation, creativity, and heightened motivation. When you are in a theta wave state, your brain is more receptive to new information and more likely to internalize positive affirmations.

Practicing affirmations during meditation or right before sleep, when theta waves are more prevalent, can enhance their impact. This state allows for deeper penetration of the affirmations into your subconscious mind, making it easier to integrate the positive messages into your daily life and behavior.

Scientific Insights on Affirmations: Studies That Prove Their Effectiveness

Several studies have delved into the neuroscience behind affirmations, providing empirical evidence of their effectiveness. One key area of research involves the activation of specific brain regions when individuals practice affirmations.

For example, functional MRI studies have shown that self-affirmation activates brain regions associated with self-related processing and valuation, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). This activation is linked to greater neural activity during exposure to health messages, which in turn predicts subsequent behavior change. Specifically, studies have found that individuals who were affirmed showed greater activity in the VMPFC during message exposure and subsequently decreased their sedentary behavior more than those who were not affirmed.

Another significant aspect is the role of the Reticular Activating System (RAS) in affirmations. The RAS acts as a filter, determining what information is most important for us to focus on. When you repeat an affirmation, the RAS starts to scan your environment for evidence that supports this new belief, reinforcing the positive statement and making it more noticeable in your everyday life.

These scientific insights underscore the profound impact that affirmations can have on both mental and physical health. By understanding and leveraging these neural mechanisms, individuals can harness the full potential of affirmations to drive positive behavioral changes and achieve success in various aspects of their lives.

V. Daily Affirmation Practices for Success

Daily Affirmation Practices

Morning Routines: Starting Your Day with Positivity

Starting your day with affirmations can set a powerful tone for success. This practice leverages the brain's neuroplasticity to create new neural pathways that promote positive thinking and motivation.

Here are some steps to incorporate affirmations into your morning routine:

  • Wake Up 10-15 Minutes Earlier: Allow yourself some quiet time before the hustle and bustle of the day begins.
  • Reflect on Your Goals: Identify the areas of your life where you seek improvement or empowerment.
  • Repeat Your Affirmations: Use affirmations that are personalized, positive, and present-tense. For example:
    • "I am confident and capable of achieving my goals today."
    • "I am worthy of love, respect, and success."
  • Visualize Success: As you repeat your affirmations, visualize yourself achieving the desired outcomes. This visual reinforcement can strengthen the new neural connections being formed.
  • Combine with Other Morning Practices: Incorporate affirmations into your existing morning routine, such as during meditation, right after waking up, or during your morning exercise.

Mindful Moments: Integrating Affirmations into Daily Life

Affirmations are not just for the morning; they can be a powerful tool throughout your day. Here’s how to integrate them into your daily life:

  • Scheduled Breaks: Set reminders or alarms throughout the day to take a few minutes to repeat your affirmations. This could be during your lunch break, right before a meeting, or after a challenging task.
  • Mindful Transition Points: Use transitional moments like going from one task to another or when switching between work and personal activities to repeat your affirmations.
  • Daily Activities: Incorporate affirmations into your daily activities, such as saying them while driving, during your daily commute, or while doing chores.
  • Positive Self-Talk: Replace negative self-talk with positive affirmations. For example, instead of saying "I'll never get this done," say "I can tackle this one step at a time."

Nighttime Reflections: Ending Your Day with Gratitude and Inspiration

Ending your day with affirmations can help solidify the positive changes you’ve made and prepare your mind for the next day.

  • Gratitude Practice: Start by reflecting on the things you are grateful for from the day. This can help shift your focus to the positive aspects of your life.
  • Reflect on Progress: Take a moment to reflect on how your affirmations have impacted your day. Note any successes or progress you’ve made towards your goals.
  • Repeat Evening Affirmations: Use affirmations that help you unwind and prepare for the next day. Examples include:
    • "I am relaxed and ready for a restful night's sleep."
    • "I am grateful for the opportunities of today and look forward to tomorrow."
  • Visualization Before Sleep: As you drift off to sleep, visualize yourself achieving your goals and overcoming any challenges. This can help reinforce positive thinking patterns even while you sleep.

By integrating affirmations into your daily routines – morning, mindful moments, and nighttime reflections – you can harness the full potential of neuroplasticity to rewire your brain for success and well-being. Consistency is key, so find a routine that works for you and stick to it, allowing your brain to adapt and respond positively over time.

VI. Overcoming Challenges with Affirmations

Turning Setbacks into Comebacks: Affirmations to Keep Going

When faced with setbacks, it's crucial to maintain a positive and resilient mindset. Affirmations can be a powerful tool in this regard, helping you to stay focused and motivated even in the face of adversity.

Examples of Affirmations for Resilience

  • "I am capable of overcoming any obstacle in my path." This affirmation promotes strength and resilience, reminding you that challenges are temporary and can be surpassed.
  • "Every step I take brings me closer to my goal." This focuses on the progress you've made and the steps you're taking towards your goals, even if the journey is not always smooth.
  • "I am growing stronger, smarter, and more capable each day." This affirmation emphasizes continuous self-improvement and the idea that you are becoming more resilient with each passing day.

Managing Stress and Anxiety: Finding Peace in Positive Words

Stress and anxiety can be significant barriers to success, but affirmations can help alleviate these feelings by promoting a more optimistic outlook.

The Neuroscience Behind Stress Reduction

Affirmations work through the mechanism of neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to reorganise itself by forming new neural connections. When you repeat positive affirmations, you are essentially training your brain to reduce stress and anxiety by activating the brain’s reward system and lowering cortisol levels.

Examples of Affirmations for Stress Reduction

  • "I am grateful for the progress I make every day." Practicing gratitude alongside affirmations fosters positivity and keeps you motivated even during tough times.
  • "I am open to receiving all the opportunities that come my way." This affirmation cultivates an abundance mindset, helping you stay positive and receptive to new opportunities rather than getting bogged down by stress.
  • "I am proud of how far I’ve come and excited for what’s next." Celebrating your progress can significantly reduce stress and anxiety, as it shifts your focus to achievements rather than setbacks.

Building Confidence and Resilience: Affirmations for Inner Strength

Building confidence and resilience is essential for overcoming challenges and achieving success. Affirmations can play a pivotal role in this process by reinforcing positive self-talk and strengthening your self-concept.

The Role of Self-Affirmation Theory

According to Self-Affirmation Theory, affirmations can reduce stress, increase self-worth, and help individuals maintain their sense of integrity in the face of challenges. By affirming your values, you reinforce your self-concept, which in turn motivates positive behaviour.

Examples of Affirmations for Confidence and Resilience

  • "I trust in my abilities to achieve my goals." This affirmation builds self-confidence and trust in oneself, which is crucial for tackling challenges head-on.
  • "I am determined to succeed, no matter the obstacles I face." This reinforces perseverance and grit, helping you stay committed to your goals even when faced with difficulties.
  • "I am worthy of all the success I am creating in 2025." This affirmation reinforces self-worth and belief in one’s potential, which is fundamental for building confidence and resilience.

By incorporating these affirmations into your daily routine, you can develop the resilience and confidence needed to overcome any challenge that comes your way. Remember, consistency is key; make affirmations a daily ritual to see lasting changes in your mindset and behaviour.

For more guidance on using affirmations effectively, check out this simple guide to success.

VII. Affirmations for Specific Success Areas

Affirmations for Success

Career Growth: Gaining Professional Success through Mindset

Affirmations can be a powerful tool in achieving career growth and professional success. By focusing on positive and empowering statements, you can rewire your brain to adopt a mindset that is conducive to success in your career.

Key Affirmations for Career Growth

  • "I am capable and competent in my profession."
  • "I am continuously learning and improving my skills."
  • "I attract opportunities and success in my career."
  • "I am confident in my abilities and decisions."
  • "I am respected and valued by my colleagues and clients."

These affirmations work by leveraging the principles of neuroplasticity, allowing you to reshape your brain's neural pathways to believe in your professional capabilities. Consistently practicing these affirmations can activate the brain's reward system, leading to increased motivation and a positive attitude towards your career goals.

Personal Development: Elevating Your Self-Perception

Personal development is a crucial aspect of overall success, and affirmations can play a significant role in this area. By using affirmations, you can enhance your self-perception, build confidence, and foster a positive self-image.

Effective Affirmations for Personal Development

  • "I am feeling confident, happy, healthy, and powerful."
  • "I love myself unconditionally and appreciate my unique qualities."
  • "I am growing and changing for the better every day."
  • "I am competent, smart, and able to handle any challenge."
  • "I am becoming a better version of myself with each passing day."

These affirmations help in reinforcing a positive self-concept, which is essential for personal development. They work by aligning your self-talk with positive and empowering messages, which can reduce stress and increase self-worth according to the Self-Affirmation Theory.

Achieving Financial Abundance: Manifesting Wealth and Prosperity

Financial abundance is another area where affirmations can be highly effective. By focusing on prosperity and wealth, you can align your mindset with the belief that financial success is achievable.

Affirmations for Financial Abundance

  • "Prosperity is flowing to and through me."
  • "I am attracting financial abundance and success."
  • "I trust that I have enough and that more is on its way."
  • "I am financially stable and secure."
  • "I make wise financial decisions that support my well-being."

These affirmations utilize the brain's anticipatory response, as explained by the neuroscience behind affirmations, to create an environment where financial success is anticipated and worked towards. The Reticular Activating System (RAS) plays a crucial role here by filtering and highlighting information that supports these new beliefs, thus reinforcing the positive outcome.

By incorporating these specific affirmations into your daily routine, you can harness the power of positive thinking and neuroplasticity to drive success in various areas of your life. Remember, the key to effective affirmations is consistency, intention, and a clear, positive focus on what you want to achieve.

VIII. Measuring Success with Affirmations

Monitoring Your Progress: Setting Benchmarks and Goals

When incorporating affirmations into your daily routine, it is crucial to monitor your progress to gauge their effectiveness. This involves setting clear, achievable benchmarks and goals that align with your affirmations. Here are some steps to help you in this process:

  • Define Your Goals: Start by identifying what success means to you. Whether it's career advancement, personal development, or financial abundance, make sure your goals are SMART.
  • Track Your Progress: Keep a journal or use an app to track how often you practice your affirmations and any changes you notice in your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. This can help you see the progress you're making and identify areas that need more focus.
  • Set Milestones: Break down your long-term goals into smaller, manageable milestones. Celebrate each milestone achieved, as this will reinforce positive thinking and motivate you to continue.

Success Stories: Real-Life Examples of Affirmations in Action

The power of affirmations can be seen in numerous success stories from individuals who have transformed their lives through consistent practice. Here are a few examples:

  • Professional Success: Many successful business people, athletes, and authors attribute their motivation and focus to daily affirmations. For instance, affirmations like "I am succeeding in my career" or "I am competent and capable in my profession" can help individuals stay energized and focused on their professional goals.
  • Personal Development: Affirmations such as "I am growing and changing for the better" or "I love the person I am becoming" can lead to significant improvements in self-esteem and overall well-being. These affirmations help individuals develop a positive self-perception and foster personal growth.
  • Overcoming Challenges: People who have faced setbacks or stress have found comfort and strength in affirmations. For example, "I am resilient and can overcome any challenge" or "I am feeling happy with who I am" can help individuals manage stress and anxiety, leading to a calmer state of mind.

Adjusting Your Affirmations: Evolving with Your Journey

As you progress on your journey to success, it is essential to adjust your affirmations to reflect your evolving goals and needs. Here are some tips for adapting your affirmations:

  • Regular Review: Periodically review your affirmations to ensure they still align with your current goals and aspirations. Update them as necessary to keep them relevant and impactful.
  • Reflect on Feedback: Pay attention to any feedback you receive from yourself or others. If certain affirmations are not yielding the desired results, consider modifying them or trying new ones.
  • Incorporate New Insights: As you learn more about yourself and your needs, incorporate these insights into your affirmations. For example, if you discover that you need more confidence in a particular area, create affirmations that specifically address this need, such as "I am feeling confident, happy, healthy, and powerful."

By continuously monitoring your progress, celebrating successes, and adjusting your affirmations, you can ensure that your practice remains effective and supportive of your ongoing growth and success.

The Role of Neuroplasticity in Adjusting Affirmations

Understanding neuroplasticity is key to adjusting your affirmations effectively. The brain's ability to form new neural pathways and strengthen existing ones through repeated positive affirmations means that your affirmations can become more effective over time. As you evolve and your goals change, your brain can adapt by forming new connections associated with the updated affirmations.

This process is supported by the Hebbian Theory, which states that "neurons that fire together wire together." By consistently using new affirmations, you can strengthen the neural connections associated with these thoughts, making them more dominant in your brain and leading to positive mental and physical outcomes.

In conclusion, measuring success with affirmations is an ongoing process that requires monitoring, celebration, and adjustment. By using these strategies and leveraging the science of neuroplasticity, you can ensure that your affirmations continue to support your journey to success, helping you achieve your goals and manifest the life you desire.

IX. Conclusion: Manifesting Success is Within Reach

Manifesting Success

Empowering Your Path Forward

The journey to manifesting success through affirmations is a profound and transformative one. It begins with a deep understanding of the power of neuroplasticity, the brain's incredible ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. By consistently practicing affirmations, you are essentially training your brain to accept new realities, leading to meaningful changes in your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Creating Lasting Change

The key to achieving lasting change lies in commitment and consistency. Here are some final tips to ensure that your affirmation practice remains effective:

  • Make it a Habit: Incorporate affirmations into your daily routine, such as during your morning and nighttime reflections. Consistency is crucial for reprogramming your subconscious mind.
  • Personalize Your Affirmations: Tailor your affirmations to fit your specific goals and needs. For example, if you are seeking career growth, use affirmations like "I am succeeding in my career" or "I am attracting opportunities that align with my professional goals."
  • Use Present Tense: Write your affirmations in the present tense to create an immediate sense of reality. Instead of saying "I will succeed," say "I am succeeding."
  • Keep it Positive: Affirm what you want, not what you don’t want. Focusing on the positive aspects helps to attract positive outcomes into your life.

Your Next Steps

To begin transforming your life today, take the following steps:

Define Your Goals

Identify the areas of your life where you want to see change. Whether it is career success, personal development, or financial abundance, clarity on your goals is essential for crafting effective affirmations.

Write Your Affirmations

Using the principles outlined above, write affirmations that are concise, positive, and in the present tense. For example:

  • "I am succeeding in my life."
  • "Prosperity is flowing to and through me."
  • "I am confident, happy, healthy, and powerful."

Practice Regularly

Incorporate your affirmations into your daily routine. Repeat them during moments of mindfulness, such as right after waking up or before going to bed. Consistency is key to reprogramming your brain and manifesting the changes you desire.

Seek Evidence and Reinforce

As you practice your affirmations, pay attention to the evidence around you that supports your new beliefs. The Reticular Activating System (RAS) in your brain will start to scan your environment for confirming evidence, reinforcing the positive statements and making them more noticeable in your everyday life.

By following these steps and committing to a consistent practice, you can harness the power of affirmations to manifest success in all areas of your life. Remember, the ability to change your reality is within your reach, and affirmations are a powerful tool to help you achieve your goals.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Scroll to top